Explore the presentation of revenge in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Investigate the introduction of vengeance in Hamlet Essay Retribution is a key subject in Hamlet. It isn't just fundamental to understanding Hamlets character, it shapes the structure for the entire play, supporting and covering other significant subjects that emerge. In spite of the fact that it is Hamlets retribution that shapes the reason for the story, integrated with this is the retaliation of Laertes and Fortinbras, whose circumstances from numerous points of view reflect Hamlets own. By comparing these justice fighters, Shakespeare causes to notice their various ways to deal with the issue of retribution and how they resolve these. see more:theme of retribution in village Revenge is first presented by the presence of the phantom in act 1 Scene 5, and connected to this is the topic of damnation and life following death. Toward the finish of this scene, Hamlet is will undoubtedly vindicate for the span of the play, speak, I will undoubtedly hear So workmanship thou to vindicate. The phantom shows up with the sole point of utilizing his child to get retribution on his sibling, thus every word he expresses is intended to incense Hamlet and mix in him a longing for retaliation. He utilizes exceptionally emotive language to misrepresent the immensity of the wrongdoing, and he focuses Hamlets consideration on the foul play of Claudius. His depiction of the homicide itself vilifies Claudius and contains numerous references to unique sin, the snake that stung thy fathers life currently wears his crown. Hamlet, who has been raised with supreme thoughts of good and insidiousness, is vulnerable to these strict references, o all you host of paradise! O earth! Also, will I couple damnation? Ironicly the phantom alludes to his own torment, caught in limbo, so as to show to Hamlet the bad form of the circumstance, yet this serves just to caution Hamlet of the potential results of retribution. Rather than rankling him, Hamlet is presently careful about acting thoughtlessly or without confirmation as it could put him in a comparative circumstance to his dad. The different revengers in the play don't have this watchfulness, they act promptly without considering the profound outcomes and it is muddled whether Hamlet would have had a comparable mentality had he not been accidentally made aware of this risk by old Hamlets phantom. Despite the fact that Hamlets quick response to updates on his dads murder is one of outrage and a longing for activity, before the finish of the scene his craving for retribution is now blunted, for various reasons. In contrast to Laertes and Fortinbras, Hamlet gets the data of his dads murder from a mystery and inconsistent source, which implies that in addition to the fact that he is uncertain of reality, he is compelled to showcase his retribution stealthily. All through the play, Hamlet disappoints the crowd with his absence of activity, particularly as surrounding him his counterparts are obviously rendering their own retribution. Fortinbras is in a comparative circumstance to Hamlet, as his dad had been killed by old Hamlet and his territory taken. The land itself is useless and Fortinbras stands to lose beyond what he can pick up; yet like Hamlet it involves respect. Both are getting payback for something that no one else thinks about or recollects; a dead ruler for whom no one laments and a fix of useless land. Some portion of Hamlets issue is the ethical inquiry of whether his longing for retribution merits disturbing and imperiling the lives of every one of everyone around him, regardless of whether tis nobler in the psyche to endure the slings and bolts of unbelievable fortune, or take arms against an ocean of difficulties and by contradicting end them However, not at all like Hamlet Fortinbras doesn't respite to think about vengeance; he follows up on it, sharked up a rundown of untamed resolutes and walked on Denmark. The distinction in their characters is self-evident; Fortinbras character coordinates his name, solid in arm. He is a man of activity, not of words, he has a solid nearness and an instructing disposition which requests compliance, Go chief, from me welcome the Danish ruler I will dab my master. Fortinbras circumstance is vastly less mind boggling than Hamlets own; the limits among great and abhorrent, individual and open, good and bad, are for him, unmistakably characterized. He can act straightforwardly, uninfluenced by loved ones. Hamlet then again is encircled by individuals who have commitments to both himself and the lord, and is consequently uncertain of whom to trust. Villages problem is established on this; that any move he makes conveys with it dangers and potential outcomes which could annihilate the establishment of his very presence, so he dithers and sits idle, at the same time despising himself for his inaction, makes us preferably bear those ills we have over fly to others that we know not of. The issue for Hamlet is that the homicide is excessively near and dear, so he can't characterize the limits among individual and open. He can't freely stand up to Claudius without confirmation since he hazards losing his case to the tossed, estranging his loved ones and being banished from Denmark, as it would be viewed as an endeavor by the ruler to recapture the seat, as opposed to a child avenging his dads murder. On this Hamlet would like to abstain from imperiling his relationship with his mom, and yet he needs vengeance on her for her treachery. So as to completely comprehend Hamlets mind and along these lines the thinking behind his activities, it is imperative to see how religion influenced all parts of life in Elizabethan occasions. It was accepted that an individual who had the option to admit his wrongdoings before death would be pardoned and subsequently go to paradise, however in the event that an individual couldn't do this their spirit would be sentenced to limbo until they had the option to admit and atone. Old Hamlets soul is in limbo and Hamlet needs Claudius to endure a similar destiny, a scoundrel executes my dad and for that, I his sole child do this equivalent miscreant send to paradise. Why, this is recruit and pay not retribution. Therefore Hamlet needs to trust that the helpful second will kill Claudius, when he is tanked sleeping, or in his fierceness, at game, a-swearing or about some demonstration that has no relish of salvation in it. Be that as it may, the other issue which religion makes is that of Hamlets own existence in the wake of death. In the event that murder for retribution isn't right, at that point by slaughtering Claudius, Hamlet censures his own spirit alongside that of Claudius. Then again, Hamlet is compelled by a solemn obligation to get retribution for his dads murder, and the results of not doing so could be significantly increasingly intense. Indeed, even self destruction offers no arrangement, as the fear of something after death, the unfamiliar nation from whose bourn no voyager returns, astounds the will, and makes us preferably bear those ills we have over fly to others we know not of. Villages hesitation isn't only an aftereffect of his vulnerability about the outcomes his activities will have. He is in passionate disturbance now in the play, and is feeling double-crossed and dismissed by those whom he had depended on so far in his life. His outrage and disappointment at his moms conduct is intensified by her absence of sorrow, and his craving for vengeance toward the beginning of the play is predominantly fuelled by his own melancholy and a feeling of bad form. His annoyance towards Claudius decreases, as he is diverted structure vengeance by increasingly prompt concerns, for example, his associations with Ophelia and with his mom. Some portion of Hamlets sentiments of separation come from what he sees as treachery by his companions, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and his sweetheart Ophelia. Villas basic relationship with Claudius powers each of the three to favor one side, and choose to whom they owe the most grounded loyalty. Ophelias father Polonious, Claudius right hand man, trains her to evade Hamlet and, as his dependant she is compelled to obey him. Ladies were seen as property during Shakespearian occasions, and without a male defender her future possibilities were thin. Additionally, the accentuation put on family obligation and devotion was far more prominent, so to defy her dad would be equivalent to injustice. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were provided an immediate request from their lord, so to ignore would really have been injustice. Added to this was their obliviousness of Hamlets circumstance because of both Hamlet and Claudius double dealing, which implied that they were unsympathetic with Hamlets mental flimsiness and fixation on old Hamlets demise. Hamlet won't perceive the incomprehensible circumstance his companions were put in, and hates them for forsaking him when he needs them generally, despite the fact that it is his quarrel with Claudius that has constrained them to into it. Feeling sold out, he has no compunctions in utilizing them to facilitate his own benefits. Every one of the three are, at last, fatalities of Hamlets feud against Claudius, as Hamlet realizes the passings of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and drives Ophelia to frenzy and self destruction. Ophelia particularly is a lot of a casualty, as in complying with her dad she loses Hamlet, and when Hamlet slaughters Polonious she loses him also. With Laertes away, she has nobody left to ensure her and is a lot of alone. From numerous points of view, Hamlet himself is a survivor of vengeance, as he utilized as a device by his dad, to induce retribution against old Hamlets executioner. By setting this commitment on Hamlet, on the entirety of his enthusiastic flimsiness, Old Hamlet viably drives his child to the brink and renders him unequipped for definitiveness. It is obvious that Hamlet can't deliver retribution or in truth settle on any critical choices, as he is under impressive passionate and mental strain. Laertes is in a comparative circumstance, as Hamlet his companion has killed his dad and driven his sister to frenzy. His helpless perspective makes it simple for Claudius to utilize him as an apparatus against Hamlet, so the two companions become instruments in the force battle between the two siblings, a battle which crosses the partition among life and demise. Laertes circumstance looks like Hamlet in different manners. They are joined by their adoration for Ophelia, Hamlet as a sweetheart and Laertes as a sibling. At the point when Laertes comes back to discover his dad killed, he faces a similar situation that Hamlet initially had in that, supposedly

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<h1>Research Paper Topics on Organic Food - What Is the Course All About?</h1><p>Organic Food Research Paper Topics is an online seminar on natural cultivating and the investigation of the impact of natural nourishments on our wellbeing. I've never attempted natural food, however my significant other has and cherished it! There are numerous advantages to natural food remembering less effect for the earth, less pesticides, not so much warmth, but rather more supplements. The investigation of natural cultivating is getting increasingly well known as the world gets all the more ecologically conscious.</p><p></p><p>The significance of natural food is the thing that incited the course to be created. In spite of the fact that the historical backdrop of natural cultivating is somewhat cloudy, it was because of abuse of synthetic compounds, not natural cultivating in essence. Albeit natural food, similar to a child recipe, can't support us on the off chance that we don't approach solid food, it makes it simpler for us to be sound when we do.</p><p></p><p>Course is offered at the University of Florida and's everything totally free. The prologue to the course incorporates conversation, an investigation control, various genuine examination questions, and a short report with key bring home points.</p><p></p><p>Green crops are those that are developed without the utilization of engineered composts or pesticides. Natural cultivating is a framework that utilizes characteristic items rather than engineered. The focal point of the course is on creating vegetables and natural products without the utilization of substance composts and pesticides. This is the thing that natural cultivating is all about.</p><p></p><p>The audit of natural food and the impact of natural cultivating rehearses are a portion of the key themes in the course. In any case, before we can conside r the techniques utilized by ranchers and take a gander at the advantages to our wellbeing, we have to comprehend the contrast between 'organic'natural'. Common alludes to something that is comprised of normal substances and nothing more.</p><p></p><p>As with any learning, it is critical to consider the nature of instruction so as to arrive at a resolution whether the material being introduced is of a high caliber. At the point when the substance is of low quality, it implies that it is inadequate with regards to the fundamental data to give a target assessment of the material.</p><p></p><p>Organic cultivating and the investigations of its advantages on our wellbeing might be unreasonably overpowering for the vast majority to attempt all alone. In any case, for the individuals who can't get some much needed rest work or are excessively occupied, it very well may be an incredible method to learn new things and grow a ton of data at the equivalent time.</p><p></p><p>Research Paper Topics on Organic Food is an extraordinary method to become familiar with natural cultivating and its advantages to our wellbeing. It's an extraordinary method to find out about the various sorts of harvests developed normally, how natural cultivating varies from ordinary cultivating and how significant sound food is to our general well-being.</p>

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Substance Abuse Essay Topics - How to Write an Essay on Drug Rehab

<h1>Substance Abuse Essay Topics - How to Write an Essay on Drug Rehab</h1><p>Substance misuse is a colossal issue in this nation. The legislature has numerous things they could do to help the a huge number of individuals who battle with enslavement and the incalculable thousands who are dependent on drugs.</p><p></p><p>However, it is significant that the administration comprehends that not every person who uses medications will get dependent. Each individual who uses drugs is somebody who is powerless against getting dependent. This is the reason it is significant for individuals to compose an article on substance misuse, sedate recovery, and medication treatment.</p><p></p><p>Drug restoration programs are intended to concentrate on the individuals who are dependent. Most recovery habitats permit the patient to keep living as should be expected a real existence as conceivable once they complete their program. The prin ciple objective of any substance misuse or medication recovery program is to attempt to recover the patient into solid propensities. This typically implies the patients should hold fast to a severe day by day plan, experience advising, go to classes, and take an interest in bunch activities.</p><p></p><p>However, there are different choices for getting treatment. A few patients will return to their old ways of life when they complete their recovery program. This can occur if the patient has a medication misuse or chronic drug use history, or on the off chance that they didn't buckle down enough to show signs of improvement. For this situation, the patient can have a chance to take an interest in a network administration program.</p><p></p><p>For some, be that as it may, full recuperation requires long haul duty. The way of life changes required can be somewhat hard on certain individuals. Others, such as yourself, may have an alternate thought of the stuff to go to recovery. On the off chance that you are one of these individuals, consider composing an article on substance misuse and medication recovery topics.</p><p></p><p>Most individuals would not have the option to deal with their sentiments or feelings while recouping from compulsion, so it is ideal to let an expert arrangement with all the subtleties. With the correct direction, you can figure out how to adapt to all the feelings, so you can recuperate all alone terms.</p><p></p><p>Writing a paper on substance misuse and medication recovery subjects is extremely basic and should be possible in as meager as five minutes. Regardless of whether you are composing an article on the best way to stop drinking or on the most proficient method to stop medicates, this is an incredible method to get started.</p>

Reflections on the Passion

<h1>Reflections on the Passion</h1><p>Writing a reflection on the energy is the most troublesome thing on the planet. You need to think of a point of view that will impact your peruser and that will convince them to reevaluate their position and to be propelled to see things from your viewpoint. By following a portion of the reflections on energy, you can make your composing more effective.</p><p></p><p>The first reflection on enthusiasm is 'I Love the Sea.' This exposition test was finished by Elizabeth McGann. It utilizes an allegory to show how straightforward a few sentiments are. The analogy begins as a fantasy that will in the long run transform into a reality and by concentrating on the fantasy, the enthusiasm will blur into nothingness.</p><p></p><p>The second reflection on energy is 'I Love Bikes.' It was composed by Jenny Jacobson. She contends that individuals should concentrate more on the positives of a bi cycle and less on the negatives. In doing as such, she enables the peruser to understand that the individual in question can't ever truly turn out badly. The rationale utilized in this reflection is that individuals are on a very basic level great and can commit errors however at long last, individuals will consistently discover something positive to state about their bike.</p><p></p><p>The third reflection on energy is called 'My Two Cents' by Jennie Jilich. It examines how individuals in the past were decided on the amount they thought about their general surroundings and how individuals living in the current world ought to do likewise. The writer trusts that her perusers will begin to see their own flaws and be propelled to act. She likewise trusts that she can move others to advance a similar measure of effort.</p><p></p><p>The fourth reflection on energy is composed by Nadia Parsons. It examines how people are inalienably hopeful and imaginative and that we are not in every case right. In the event that we comprehend that we might not be right and that we could not be right constantly, we will be vastly improved ready to manage any circumstance. In the event that we get excessively agreeable, our brains will rapidly begin to figure just positive considerations and we will end up expressing negative things and doing negative things.</p><p></p><p>The fifth reflection on the enthusiasm originates from Karen Finney. This paper test analyzes the distinction between paying attention to life and taking a gander at it with skepticism. Individuals who pay attention to life won't have the option to completely acknowledge what they have and they will wind up either relinquishing it or losing it totally. The individuals who are loaded with pessimism regularly will have more achievement and make more money.</p><p></p><p>The 6th reflection on the enthusiasm originates from S cott Kulikowski. This one talks about what number of individuals become individuals that are terrified of disappointment. They fear falling flat since disappointment alarms them so much that they simply don't try.</p><p></p><p>The seventh reflection on the enthusiasm originates from Janet Anderson. She contends that on the off chance that you need to accomplish enormity is tied in with accomplishing what you love and being enthusiastic about it, at that point you will accomplish significance. Her paper was initially distributed in the Wall Street Journal.</p>

What Does It Take To Play College Ice Hockey

What Does It Take To Play College Ice Hockey?What does it take to play college ice hockey? In this article, I will try to provide you with some tips to help you get started. College hockey is one of the great sports that you can enjoy because it's a quick game that has quick ups and downs, but you can also see college players do very well. Also, it's extremely fun to watch at the school you are attending, and if you are one of the lucky people who does play college ice hockey, you can always try to bring the fun to the rink that you play on.A good way to get started is to think about what your special skills are. If you have a particular skill set that can be put to good use, you'll have a better chance at getting into a college ice hockey program. There are also other things you should consider such as family support, getting an education, the physical play of the sport, and what kind of coach you will be playing for.You might find that you've already thought about what you're going to do to get into different colleges and you just need to figure out where you are going to go. There are tons of options now, so you will want to research every option you can before making a decision. You'll also want to make sure that the team you want to play for is a top-tier club team in a big college or university. The last thing you want to do is sign up for a junior or high school team, and you'll also want to know that you have a scholarship offer from the college you want to attend.Of course, you will also want to have a good college ice hockey essay that you can present to admissions officials at your school. This is going to be a big part of your application, and it should have an extensive section of writing. It should be able to tie in what you've said in your primary essay, and you will want to write something that will stand out from the other applicants. It will be the most important part of your application.Keep in mind that even if you do not win admission to a specific college, you will get an acceptance letter that will be great for your college admission essay. So, do not panic and do not submit it too soon. College admission committees want to see a thorough overview of what you can bring to the table as a person, as well as what you will bring to the table as a student.If you really want to play college ice hockey, you should know what it takes to play college ice hockey before you apply. You have to think about your strengths and weaknesses, and be sure that you are aware of the things that you could improve upon. Once you've thought about all of your possible answers, you should begin writing your essay.You'll find that there are a lot of different ways to write a college ice hockey essay. Just remember that you need to show off what you have, and the goal is to make an interesting and concise statement that speaks well about yourself. If you follow these tips, you will have a nice essay to submit to college admissions.

True One-Hit Wonders of the Eighties

Sample Ethnography Essay For the AP Exam

Sample Ethnography Essay For the AP ExamA sample ethnography essay for the AP Exam may seem like an obvious choice, but you should really give it some thought before you choose your topic. The content of your exam is based largely on the topic that you choose and thorough research can help you make the right choice.Before you choose your sample ethnography essay for the AP Exam, you will want to consider the size of your class. For example, if you have a large class that takes up a lot of time at the end of the semester, you may be able to choose a smaller, more focused topic. While this is a good idea in smaller classes, it may not be as effective in a class with many students. If you have a small class, you may want to consider having a sample essay written by someone else in your course.Once you know the size of your class, you will be able to choose your topic. Different topics require different levels of research. Some topics require very little effort; others require significan t amounts of effort.For example, a sample essay on public speaking requires substantial amounts of effort, as does a sample essay on dieting. While you may choose one of these topics and feel that it will help you pass the AP Exam, you should take the time to determine if this is true. Also, these topics require extensive research.If you choose a sample essay about reading to preschoolers, you will have to do extensive research. This may include the opinions of elementary school teachers, elementary schoolchildren, and parents of preschoolers, among other things. You may have to do many interviews with parents or find out about the experiences of other families that are interested in using reading materials with children.While you may not need to know the opinions of other parents, it is necessary to find out about the opinions of elementary school teachers and to speak with elementary school teachers. In order to be successful on the AP Exam, you will have to create an essay that p rovides factual information about a topic. You will also have to present your findings in a clear and concise manner.Finally, you will need to prepare yourself for writing your own research, as well as read a wide variety of different materials, including study field guides, newsletters, and newsletters. If you can spend some time doing this, it will benefit you greatly when you sit down to write your AP essay. However, you may also be able to find other sources that will help you write an AP essay.Finally, as with any project, you will need to find some way to encourage yourself to complete the project on time so that you do not forget what you learned, or you will not be as successful as you could be with your project. With a sample ethnography essay for the AP Exam, you will likely find that you need to practice your skills a bit before you begin to complete the project on time.

What to Look For in Process Analysis Essay Samples

<h1>What to Look For in Process Analysis Essay Samples</h1><p>What to search for in process investigation article tests is altogether different from what to search for in understudy papers. The understudies utilize a less characterized design and in that regard, they have the favorable position, as they should be permitted a progressively close to home touch to their piece. In the event that you approach an understudy about the necessities for article composing the person will presumably answer, 'It's simple, you simply put pen to paper and compose it! '.</p><p></p><p>That perspective on examination paper tests is hence extremely constrained. It would likewise be pleasant if the example utilized was the normal, which implies that the example ought to incorporate the entirety of the regular styles that are utilized, yet the trouble is that, in spite of the fact that you can discover them, they are generally not given as a pack.</p><p& gt;</p><p>It is extremely difficult to choose where to begin searching for process examination article tests. Generally it is prudent to go to the word reference, since they regularly offer a connect to the writers of a specific word reference and that will give you access to test articles. However, they don't ordinarily give the equivalent format.</p><p></p><p>If you utilize the web to search for exposition tests, your inquiry will be extraordinary, as there are sites dedicated to the specialty of paper composing and that are utilized by proficient journalists just as by understudies. In a portion of these locales, the authors will likewise give the instances of their own work.</p><p></p><p>Online articles are additionally fascinating, in light of the fact that they offer a few instances of how various understudies compose and, despite the fact that they may not be equivalent to you would use in any situation, they will gi ve you a thought of what's in store when perusing process examination paper tests. Simply ensure that the models on these sites are not appropriated, since literary theft is, well, a criminal offense and there are numerous individuals who do this purposely and some of them venture to sell papers they have written.</p><p></p><p>Another option in contrast to the web is your own school, where you can discover a course recorded as a hard copy a structure exposition and you can likewise discover article models from different understudies and educators. Another approach to search for article tests is, where they regularly give a determination of authors' books, a considerable lot of which have expositions as models. There are likewise a lot of online instructional exercise destinations, where they give instructing materials that are exceptionally thorough and useful.</p><p></p><p>The last choice that you have is to peruse the substance of a seminar on experimental writing, since they will regularly contain an enormous number of tests of article and they will as a rule be organized by subject. This will make it a lot simpler for you to search for article tests from that specific class.</p><p></p><p>However, it is critical to know that you should never put together your exposition with respect to paper tests. It's essential to put together your work with respect to the style, the message itself.</p>

Discover Contemporary Issues Essay Topics

Discover Contemporary Issues Essay TopicsContemporary Issues Essay Topics for students is a method to handle and tackle a large number of assignments from the outset. Many students are unable to find time to discuss different aspects of contemporary issues on their own. These essays help students learn through writing an in-depth research-based paper on current events that really require the attention of their classmates and their teacher.Assignments of this type can be of the same or a different topic from the conventional essay like which class you belong to, your academic requirements, your ambition, etc. Students are given a choice whether they want to write about a particular topic on their own or if they want a student group to look after their assignment.Contemporary Issues Essay Topics helps you understand what real topics students have to write about. They also help you to form your own opinion. Writing an in-depth essay on a particular subject, gives you more scope to share your thoughts. However, it is very important that students take care not to write an essay topic about a subject that is completely irrelevant to them.The participation of other students in the discussion helps students gain an idea on how to tackle a particular issue on their own. At the same time, students get to make their own contribution to the discussion as they are being challenged to discuss the issue in depth.By using this method, students can also write an essay topics for any other class apart from their regular classes. For example, if you have been looking for a subject for your next essay, why not check out topics of history, business, politics, social affairs, and arts? If there is a class that interests you, it will be easier for you to come up with a topic by analyzing the subject more closely.Furthermore, students can choose from a theme which they feel more comfortable. For example, the school debate can be conducted under a discussion forum while the class based on a certain event like martial arts or the topic can be the social life of the students living in the neighbourhood.There are many other options like classes or clubs where you can get enrolled for and then it would be up to you to make your way to the class or club and then participate in the class. You have to be very careful to follow the rule of having no class or club that requires an essay topic. Essay Topics help students to become more well-rounded and also help them to make their own ideas.

Yoga Helps with Ptsd - 1176 Words

Breathing-Based Meditation Decreases Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in U.S. Military Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study Beverly Hinderliter A growing body of evidence suggests meditation-based interventions have the potential to reduce symptoms and improve well-being (Marchand, 2013 for review; Mitchell et al., 2014). The Stanford University study entitled Breathing-Based Meditation Decreased Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in U.S. Military Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study explores the effects of Sudarshan Kriya yoga, a meditation-based therapy, on U.S. military veterans with PTSD symptoms having served in Iraq and Afghanistan. â€Å"We selected Sudarshan Kriya yoga because it has†¦show more content†¦These criteria account for the controlled nature of the study. A total of twenty-one people were selected. An effective computer-generated randomization list was then used for the intake process to assign qualifying participants to each group: the control group and the group doing Sudarshan Kriya yoga, observed over seven days. Varying factors among groups, such as combat exposure, age, education, and ethnicity were similar and seemingly even spread throughout. The sample of veterans is adequate in the sense that it is random and controlled, so there is a variety of real-life PTSD veterans from the field with different experiences and matching criteria being studied. Ideally, there’d be more than twenty-one participants in order to have a better representation of the veteran population but it was probably difficult to retrieve without effecting the quality of the study. The sample is also adequate because all controlled eligibility factors were proven during the screening process (substance use, age, etc.). The results showed that there is a relationship between time spent doing breathing-based meditation and decrease in PTSD symptoms, but this doesn’t account for all other factors that could effect lowered PTSD symptoms during the study or how the men experienced the yoga. Therefore, this is a correlational study, not a causal experiment. It can probably be assumed that this therapy helps a variety of male veterans decrease their PTSD symptoms, but does notShow MoreRelatedPtsd Research Paper1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perceptions and Treatment of PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has severely affected the lives of countless military veterans throughout the years. Consequently, there likely are many more PTSD cases that exist and go unreported, or misdiagnosed due to misconceptions when reported (Samuelson, Bartel, Jordan, Valadez, 2017). To this extent, I am going to discuss my views on two articles. The first article explains the patient’s perceptions of PTSD symptoms. The second article explainsRead MoreSoldiers and PTSD Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesare both unique and difficult†. Hence, it is not surprising that soldiers returning from a stressful war environment often suffer from a psychological condition called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper provides a historical perspective of PTSD affecting soldiers, and how this illness has often been ignored. In addition, the this paper examines the cause and diagnosis of the illness, the changes of functional strengths and limitations, the overal l effects this disease may have on soldiersRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1275 Words   |  6 PagesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be defined as â€Å" a complex disorder in which a person’s memory, emotional responses, intellectual process, and nervous system have been disrupted by one or more traumatic experiences†(Swan Persis, 2016). It is trauma and stressor related, a disorder that depends on a factor outside a person. Types of events that can lead to the development of PTSD include physical assault, rape and sexual assault, military combat, torture, mass violence, natural disastersRead MoreIdentifying The Individuals Who Will Be Involved1209 Words   |  5 PagesIdentifying the individuals who will be involved: The individuals involved are male and female military services members who exhibit symptoms of PTSD. These members can be age 18 years old – 70 years old. Assess the needs of those involved: When dealing with PTSD, it is important that the disorder is recognized in order to have effective treatment. Recognition can occur by primary care physician, in general hospital setting, mental health evaluation, screening and assessment after deploymentRead MoreThe Lord Is My Rock, My Fortress And My Deliverer1161 Words   |  5 Pagesall, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us has turned to our own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. It is so easy to give up on what you are working towards, especially if it is difficult. Those who experience PTSD turn back to depression, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful self-destructing outlets. Although we do not know how Matthew s story ended, we do know he took his wife s advice and sought out treatment for his problems. He had to if he wanted things to get betterRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1062 Words   |  5 PagesPTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD History, Diagnosis, Presentation and Neurology and EEG and treatment Even though traumatic experiences were first discussed in the context of patients with hysteria , which had both psychological and somatic symptoms, by Freud, William James, and Pierre Janet, it was not until World war I that trauma was identified as a factor in mental health disorders by the professional mental health community. (Herman, 1997).Post-traumatic Stress Disorder was first incorporatedRead MoreA Longitudinal Analysis Of Diet Quality Scores981 Words   |  4 Pages2016. A federal survey was conducted to find that in the USA one third of adults and twelve percent of children use alternative medicine. The most commonly used forms of alternative medicine found through this survey were acupuncture, herbal remedies, yoga, and vitamins/supplements. Several people in the article told their opinion on alternative medicine which is irrelevant but they made the comment that such fields should be further examined for accurate facts of their effectiveness and for what theyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Physical Health1655 Words   |  7 Pagesregular bedtime routine to maximize relaxation and decrease mentally demanding work. As well as incorporating relaxation techniques, laughter therapy, massages and yoga—which is one of the most therapeutic cleansing techniques—to help clear the mind and filter out negative energy or stressors that can take a drastic toll on the body. Seeking help or counseling is also a great coping strategy— resea rchers Keo and Craigie (2013) of Evaluating students interpreters’ stress and coping strategies suggests.Read MoreThe Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1174 Words   |  5 Pagesposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military members. In addition to considerations of effectiveness, clinicians should consider access to services, availability, training and patient preferences when choosing an evidence-based treatment option. Early intervention after exposure to trauma may prevent the development of PTSD. Evidence suggests that brief (four to five sessions) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that includes an exposure-based therapy component may help prevent PTSD. Group interventionsRead MoreEndorphins : A Popular Topic With Brain And Someone s Mood1290 Words   |  6 Pagesnot released when witting on the couch. Exercise also helps to create a high content of other chemicals in the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, all which regulate the body and brain in different ways (Collins). Serotonin livens a person’s mood, while also helping to regulate sleep, develop their memory and learning abilities, and create or maintain certain social behaviors (Bouchez). Increased levels of these chemicals help people with mental illnesses respond to stressful situations

Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting? Answer: Introducation In the 21st century, management accounting practices in Australia shifted from creating value for customers and shareholders and organizational innovation to creation of value for stakeholder, management of risks and sustainability reporting. There are multiple risks which are involved in the business processes of a company. Risk can pose serious threats to the resources of practices. Unlike early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices in Australia focused on risk management by either minimizing the risk or eliminating risks. Management accounting practices in Australia aim to create value for stakeholders by shifting focus from profitability during a shorter span of time to aiming to accomplish prosperity in the long run. Management accounting practices in Australia do not focus only on creating profit for shareholders but also focuses on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility so that firms can return value to stakeholders of business and thus can achieve long term sustainability. Management accounting practices have introduced models like Stakeholder Value Model (STV) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) models in Australia. Organizations and firms are no more viewed as microscopic organizations in Australia with the advent of globalization and management accounting practices have changed from 1990s and 2000 and have adopted a contemporary approach (Birt et al., 2014). Discussion In early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices ignored the consequences that business have on society and environment. Social accounting practices have emerged in Australia and firms no longer focus on only economic performance (Cantrell, Kyriazis Noble, 2015). Management accountants must provide information on development of stakeholders. Thus in Australia, management accounting practices has incorporated Stakeholder Value Model where appropriate management practices and strategies are followed and there is core commitment to humanistic values in organization. A flexible and supportive organization structure and an open model of communication help management accounting practices to create value for stakeholders in AustraliaThe economic approach of corporate governance focuses on enhancing the competitive position of the firm which helps manager to achieve short term success. However the implementation of the STV model in management accounting practices focuses on both per formance which is good financially and enhances the commitment of an enterprise towards fair accounting practices and equity (Tucker Schaltegger, 2016). The firms in Australia incorporates STV model in accounting practices by identifying its primary stakeholders and addressing their issues and concerns immediately, secondary stakeholders are addressed ethically. In modern days management accounting practices in firms in Australia focuses on allocating resources efficiently and achieves better control by providing information about society and environment (Kang Gray, 2013).. The accounting system in Australia focuses on Sustainability accounting practices in modern days. Sustainability reporting comprises of multiple arenas like non-financial reporting, corporate social responsibility, environmental and social accounting practices. Sustainability report provides information about integrated report which reveals how value is created by a firm on short, medium and long term. The information about sustainability is disclosed to public by Australian firms. Thus analysts and investors in Australia focus on long-term performance of a firm and addresses sustainability issues like greenhouse gas emission and corporate responsibility (Higgins, Milne Van Gramberg, 2015). Reports of sustainability are jointly formed by members of Boards of Australian firms and investment analysts. Earlier only public companies in Australia focused on sustainability reporting but in modern days sustainability reports are also prepared and disclosed by private enterprises in Austral ia. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) helps in comparing the sustainability reports of companies belonging to a specific industry in Australia. Climate change plays a vital role in sustainability reporting in Australia. Companies ensure to be neutral to carbon and focus on development of products which are less carbon intensive. The investment value of a firm is impacted by this sustainability report. Top 100 public companies in Australia have 48 % sustainability reporting and 47% sustainability reporting is provided by top 100 private companies in Australia. The trend on publishing stand-alone sustainability reports is popular among companies in Australia which is separate from the annual reports of the company (Bachoo, Tan Wilson, 2013). The regulations of accounting systems in Australia manage risk faced by organizations by providing reliable and timely information. The accounting practices have become technical and complicated. A risk management framework is adopted by Australian firms in modern days for effective control and mitigation of risks faced by business processes of Australian enterprises. Key organization risks can be risk of governance, risk of business continuity and risk in succession planning, risks imposed by stakeholders and technology and other financial risks. Risks can also be imposed to firms in Australia by regulatory changes and human resources and the system of operation of firms. The accounting practices to handle risks hugely depend on the size and the practices of operation followed by an Australian firm. It is of paramount importance to monitor the policies and practices of risk management of an enterprise to align the risk management process with the accounting practices of an enterpris e in Australia The Risk Management Framework will have direct impact on the partners of a firm. The system of leadership and clear communication of risk management process across all levels in an organization helps firms in Australia to manage, eliminate and mitigate risks effectively (Chung Hensher, 2015). The Risk Management framework of a firm is reviewed regularly, at least annually by business leaders in Australia. Proper documentation of the risk management process is also important so that the policies and procedures of risk management can be clearly communicated to the personnel of a firm (Wadeson Ciccotosto, 2013). The effective management of risks by accounting practices in Australia helps in maintaining the reputation of a firm. Blind spots and deficiencies can be identified better by an organization if Risk Management Framework is effectively implemented and integrated with the accounting practices in Australia (Brown, Steen Foreman, 2009). Changes In Focus Of Management Accounting Function The management accounting function has changed focus. Organizational innovation, economic profitability, creating value for shareholders and stakeholders were the prime focus of management accounting firms in 1980 and 1990s.The principle of accounting practices by firms in Australia was greatly influenced by Great Britain in earlier days and there was absence of a single professional institution also desired results of accounting practices were not achieved by firms of Australia because of absence of co-operation among accounting bodies in Australia that existed in earlier days(Considine et al. , 2012). In twentieth century, management accountants were involved in managerial decision making, they were show the big picture of the firm and were involved in decision making process of the organization. Management accountants also had a holistic approach towards an organization, they demonstrated complete understanding of the requirements of an organization and also helped managers to achieve competitive advantage. In the second part of twentieth century there were two major professional bodies which handled accounting practices of enterprises in Australia. These two professional bodies were Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (ICAA) and CPA Australia. The Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF) promoted research in accounting in Australia with the medium of Accounting Standard Boards (AcSB). In earlier days there was implementation in promoting accounting practices as each state in Australia had its own company law. The Accounting Standard Review Board (ASRB) was fo rmed in Australia in the year 1984 which was responsible to review accounting standards. However this board did not continue for long and was replaced by Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) in the year 1989. In the year 1990s, huge pressure was imposed by boards like Australian Stock Exchange to align accounting practices in Australia to the accounting practices followed internationally. This was a result of economic globalization. In modern days accounting standards in Australia are determined by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB). Thus it can be clearly stated that accounting has achieved a strong position in the 21st century in economic framework of Australia. Urgent Issues Group was created in Australia which provided a quick and prompt solution to difficulties of accounting practices which was a result of difference in opinion of accounting standards (Henderson et al., 2014). Thus it can be clearly understood how the accounting practices in Australia has changed from 1980s to 2000 to the 21st century. The accounting firms in Australia focus towards creating value for both primary and secondary stakeholders, both public and private organizations in Australia publish sustainability reports which addresses issues like climate change and other environmental issues and management accounting practices also focus on management of risks. It can be clearly understood that focus of Australian accounting practices shifted from just a good economic performance of the firm and firms introduced on non-financial performance by adopting approaches like Stakeholder Value Model and focusing on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. In order to gain prosperity for business on a long term perspective, management accountants have shifted focus from creating value for shareholders and customers to create value for all stakeholders of business. In Australia, both public and private enterprises focus on accounting practices on environmental accounting and have shifted focus to sustainability and corporate social responsibility (Horngren, 2013). Disclosure reports are published by company on opportunities for equal employment, safety of work environment, product and industry and aim to provide better working conditions for employees. Accounting systems of public and private enterprises in Australia provide data related to these topics so that reports of disclosure can be published by companies. Contemporary accounting practices in Australia focuses on four major arenas which include growth and learning, internal business process, performance related to finance and customers. On modern days companies perform Strategic audits which are quite different from audits which are financial in nature. In strategic audits, all strategic functions of a firm are reviewed. Value based reporting are adopted by many public enterprises in Australia which focuses on social governance, issues related to environment, framework of empowerment and economics. Thus there is sustainable change in focus of management accounting functions in Australia (Hoggett, 2012). Practical Examples From Annual Reports Of Companies Currently Operating In Australi The change in focus of management accounting functions can be clearly seen from the annual report of National Australia Bank Limited. The primary stakeholders of the bank are customers, community, suppliers, employees and shareholders. The firm has adopted an ESG framework while publishing its annual report in the year 2016. The ESG framework comprises of themes related to environment, society and governance. Surveys from primary stakeholders of the bank are conducted every year and feedback from stakeholders like employees and community members are taken. The bank also creates a supporting work environment for his stakeholders (National Australian Bank, 2017) From the annual report of Wesfarmers it is clearly evident that the company focuses on creating value for stakeholder and publishes sustainability report. The company focuses on risk management which includes operational risks, risks related to strategy, financial risks and regulatory risks. Though the company focuses on creating value for shareholders but issues related to people and sourcing networks of the company, issues related to environment and governance are also addressed by the firm as evident from its annual report published in the year 2016(WESFARMERS, 2017) It is also evident from the annual report of Coles that the company focuses on risk management. The focus is on mitigation of risks on supply chain of fuel, risks related to retention of employees. The leading supermarket in Australia focuses on creating value for all its primary stakeholders which include customers who can avail fresh stocks from Coles at lower prices. Coles also focuses on environmental issues and creates value for all its suppliers. Sustainability reports are published by the company and all management accounting practices have shifted from just mere profitability and financial performance (Coles, 2017) Conclusion It can be concluded that, in the global world, the accounting system of Australia has demonstrated major changes. Companies focus on long term profit and thus focus of management accountants have shifted from creating value for shareholders and customers to sustainability reports, creation of value for stakeholders which include both primary and secondary stakeholders and risk management. It is evident from the annual reports of existing companies of Australia published in the year 2016 like National Australia Bank, Wesfarmers and Coles that the companies mange risks effectively and publishes sustainability reports, addresses concern for environment, CSR and creates vale for stakeholders. References Bachoo, K., Tan, R., Wilson, M. (2013). Firm value and the quality of sustainability reporting in australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), 67-87. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00187.x Brown, I., Steen, A., Foreman, J. (2009). Risk management in corporate governance: A review and proposal.Corporate Governance: An International Review,17(5), 546-558. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00763.x Cantrell, J., Kyriazis, E., Noble, G. (2015). Developing cSR giving as a dynamic capability for salient stakeholder management.Journal of Business Ethics,130(2), 403-421. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2229-1 Chung, D., Hensher, D. (2015). Risk management in public-Private partnerships.Australian Accounting Review,25(1), 13-27. doi:10.1111/auar.12062 Higgins, C., Milne, M., Van Gramberg, B. (2015). The uptake of sustainability reporting in australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), 445-468. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2171-2 Kang, H., Gray, S. J. (2013). Segment reporting practices in australia: Has ifrs 8 made a difference?Australian Accounting Review,23(3), 232-243. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00173.x Tucker, B. P., Schaltegger, S. (2016).Comparing the research-practice gap in management accounting: A view from professional accounting bodies in australia and germany.Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal,29(3), 362-400. doi:10.1108/AAAJ-02-2014-1601 Wadeson, D., Ciccotosto, S. (2013). Succession planning in small accounting practices in regional far north queensland.Australian Accounting Review,23(2), 177-188. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00189.x Birt, J., Chalmers, K., Moroney, S., Brooks, A., Oliver, J. (2014).Accounting business reporting for decision making(Fifth edition. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. coles. (2017).coles.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/annual-reports Considine, B., Parkes, A., Olesen, K., Blount, Y., Speer, D. (2012).Accounting information systems : Understanding business processes(4th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Artiach, T., Howieson, B. (2014).Issues in financial accounting(15th edition. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Hoggett, J. (2012).Accounting(8th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting(7th adaptation ed. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. National Australian Bank. (2017).nab.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.nab.com.au/ WESFARMERS. (2017).wesfarmers.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/

Memory Study Essays - Memory, Mental Processes, Implicit Memory

Memory Study The study of human memory and in particular the attempts to distinguish between different types of memory have benn investigated for the last century. Philosophy, psychiatry and psychologh have all contributed to this study. Korsakoff, Freud and Ebbinghaus are among the early contributers. Although their observations were not always methodological as strict as with current research they did play a vital role. One critisim of the early work was that there were few attempts to develope theroetical accounts of the dissociations that they observed (Schacter, 1989). This is of great importance to the study of implicit memory. One of the earliest uses of 'implicit' and 'explicit' memory distinctions in research was by Wiliam McDougall (Outline of psychology, 1924). This distinction defined 'explicit' memory as involving conscious recollection of a past event and 'implicit' memory as involving a change in behaviour that is attriduted to a recent event but contains no conscious recollection or explicit reference. (Schacter, 1989). Much of the controvacy that surrounds implicit memory study centeres arround its definition. Whether it defines the pretest situation or a theoritical construct of the underlying memory process. The main argument is that if similiar items must share common features if they are to belong to the same catagory of test or process. " Some ttheorists, for example, have argued that different manifestations of memory are attributable to the operation of the distinct memory systems(e.g. Schacter 1989; Squire 1992; Tulving 1993; Tulving and Schacter 1990). Others argue that these different manifestations are consistent with a process viewpoint (e.g. Jacoby et al. 1989a; Kolers and Roediger 1984; Roediger 1990; Roediger et al 1989)." From Richardson-Klavehn (1996). To explicate the positions, a review of the experimental evidence is necessary. Recently five main areas have informed research into implicit memory, Schacter (1989).These are savings during learning, effects of subliminally encoded stimuli, learning and conditioning without awareness, repetition priming and preserved learning in amnesic patients. These are reviewed in turn. Savings are the ability to relearn previously learned material in the absence of any knowledge of the previous learning situation. Although there is an influence of the previous learning situation on proformance. The most conclusive evidence for this comes from Nelson (1978), who has shown savings for items that are neither recalled nor recognised. Studies have demonstrated implicit memory for subliminal or briefly exposed stimuli under conditions in which subjects had no explicit memory. An auditory divided attention task in which homophones were presented on the unattended channel together with word intended to bias the low frequency interpretation of the homophone (e.g. taxi - FARE ), Eich (1984). Lewicki (1985) found that after exposure to adjective -noun pairs, subjects tended to choose the adjective that they had been exposed to when they were asked about the noun. Schacter (1989). Learning without awarness has been shown it rule learning studies. Subjects were shown letter strings from an artifical grammer and were able to identify grammatically correct strings even though they were not conscious of the propper rules, Reber (1976) called this implicit learning. Repetition Priming effects have been characterised by lexical decision, woed identification and word stem of fragment completion tasks. This area derives from two distinct and at times The study of human memory and in particular the attempts to distinguish between different types of memory have benn investigated for the last century. Philosophy, psychiatry and psychologh have all contributed to this study. Korsakoff, Freud and Ebbinghaus are among the early contributers. Although their observations were not always methodological as strict as with current research they did play a vital role. One critisim of the early work was that there were few attempts to develope theroetical accounts of the dissociations that they observed (Schacter, 1989). This is of great importance to the study of implicit memory. One of the earliest uses of 'implicit' and'explicit' memory distinctions in research was by Wiliam McDougall (Outline of psychology, 1924). This distinction defined 'explicit' memory as involving conscious recollection of a past event and 'implicit' memory as involving a change in behaviour that is attriduted to a recent event but contains no conscious recollection or explicit reference. (Schacter, 1989). Much of the controvacy that surrounds implicit memory study centeres arround its definition. Whether it defines the pretest situation or a theoritical construct of the underlying memory process. The main argument is that if similiar items must share common features if they are to belong to the same catagory of test or process. " Some ttheorists, for example, have argued that different manifestations of memory are attributable to the operation of the distinct memory systems(e.g. Schacter 1989;

Financial Statement Fraud

Financial Statement Fraud Free Online Research Papers Financial statement fraud is among the most common types of fraud. It involves intentionally reporting false information in a companys financial statements. Also called â€Å"cooking the books†, financial statement fraud is also one of the most costly types of fraud. According to a study done by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, financial statement fraud causes a median loss of $2 million per fraud scheme. A commonly used term for financial statement fraud is â€Å"earnings management†. This term almost sounds like a legitimate practice, but it is anything but that. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has defined earnings management as â€Å"the use of various forms of gimmickry to distort a companys true financial performance in order to achieve a desired result.† Not all earnings management practices are in violation of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Some practices considered as earnings management bend the rules of GAAP in order to achieve certain financial goals, but are not in violation of them. Financial statement fraud is almost always perpetrated by the upper management of a company. They have access to nearly all information in a company and they have tremendous influence over the employees under them, which can make it possible for them to conceal the fraud. Financial statement fraud is different from most other types of occupational fraud in a major way: the goal is not usually to directly enrich the fraudster, but is usually intended to mislead third parties (investors and creditors) about the profitability of the company. The most common financial statement fraud scheme is improper revenue recognition. This can take place in two different ways: premature recognition of legitimate revenues or the recognition of fictitious revenue from fictitious sales or fictitious customers. Other common methods include the overstating of assets, the understating of liabilities and expenses, reporting revenues or expenses in the wrong period, and inadequate disclosures. THE XEROX SCANDAL A well-known case of premature revenue recognition is the Xerox scandal of 2002. On April 12th, 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a civil fraud complaint against Xerox Corporation for alleging that they intentionally deceived the public, from 1997 to 2000, by prematurely recognizing revenues from copier machine leases on the signing date rather than over the life of the lease, as payment would become due. The issue was not with the validity of the revenues, but with their recognition. These fraudulent actions were intended to help the company meet its Wall Street expectations and to give the appearance of a healthy financial position. They did just that. Over the four year period, these actions, most of which were in strict violation of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), prematurely increased revenues by $3 billion and pre-tax income by $1.4 billion. This was a bold move by the management of Xerox because by recognizing future revenues in the current period, it made it increasingly harder to meet earnings expectations in the future periods. In 2005, Xerox paid a settlement the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and began efforts to regain the trust of its investors. PREVENTING THE FRAUD Management and the board of directors are responsible to take the necessary steps to deter fraud in financial reporting: Setting a â€Å"tone at the top† that communicates their expectations for accurate reporting Responding quickly, equitably, and proportionately to policy violations Maintaining internal and external auditing processes independent of managements influence Ensuring a proper flow of critical information to the board and external parties Establishing an adequate system of internal control Investigating and remediating problems when they arise To understand why a fraudster does what he does and to better deter future fraud attempts, an auditor must assess three variables that are present in virtually every fraud. These three concepts, collectively, make up the fraud triangle. These factors include: Perceived incentive or pressure Perceived opportunity Rationalization In the case of the Xerox fraud, management probably felt pressure to accelerate revenue from future periods to the current period in order to meet Wall Street expectations in order to protect the financial position of the company. Pressures also may have stemmed from desires for personal benefit in the form of performance-based incentives such as bonuses or stock options. An opportunity must exist to commit fraud, and the fraudster must believe he can get away with it. Lastly, it is probably reasonable to assume that Xeroxs management did not expect to continue the fraudulent actions forever. It was probably considered a temporary fix, as both the risk of getting caught and the risk of maintaining the heightened revenues in future periods were both high. This rationalization is the final component of the fraud triangle. DETECTING THE FRAUD Perhaps the first challenge for the auditor in detecting the fraud is to recognize early any signs that material misstatement has occurred. Following is a list of steps, from SAS 99, designed to assist the auditor in identifying, evaluating, and responding to the risk of fraud: Holding discussions among the audit team concerning fraud risk Obtaining information relevant to the identification of fraud risk Identifying the risk of material misstatement due to fraud Assessing the identified risks, taking into account the internal controls designed to address those risks Responding to the results of the assessment Evaluating audit evidence The Xerox fraud was executed in collusion with auditors, but certain analytical techniques, performed by the auditor, exist to help prevent financial statement fraud schemes like the known one from happening in the future. These include: Horizontal analysiscomparison of the current periods balances with those of prior periods. Vertical, or common-size, analysiscomparison of each line item of the financial statements to another line item, such as a percentage-of-sales comparison. Comparison of the detail of a total balance with similar detail for the preceding years Ratios and other financial relationships In a fraud like the one with Xerox, where the timing of revenue recognition is manipulated, potential causes could be: pressure to meet revenue targets as the period comes to a close, a known or expected shortfall of sales transactions for the period, a known potential existence of sales that are expected but not achieved, and the opportunity to alter the dating of post period transactions in order to make them appear to have happened in the prior period. Red flags that indicate this kind of fraud include: Falsification or alteration of documents Backdating or alteration of the dates of invoices Alteration or falsification of other dating evidence that might reveal the true dates of the arrangement of delivery of the products or services rendered Some unavoidable results of financial statement frauds like Xeroxsincluding the premature recognition of revenues create a revenue deficit for the future periods. This problem causes a need to: Make up the shortfall caused by â€Å"lending† revenues to the prior period Cover the effects of any real decline in sales Achieve the expected level of sales growth When revenues are prematurely recognized and sales are declining, each period may require more and more fraudulent premature revenue recognition in order to keep up the appearance of good financial position. INVESTIGATING THE FRAUD To perform an investigation of the suspected fraud, the investigator must gather all of the necessary documents. These may include auditors working papers, internal audit reports, organizational charts, alleged smoking gun documents, electronic files, personnel listings, financial statements, public filings, e-mails, and internet postings. Interviewing the suspect is necessary to obtain admission to the fraud. A few things to consider about the interview are the time, location, who should be present, and what type of interview should be performed. An information seeking interview is conducted to obtain information about the suspected crime. Interviewing starts with the periphery of interviewing candidates and continues moving inward until the subject is interviewed. Not all people interviewed for this type of interview are suspects. An admission-seeking interview differs by its intent and the people it interviews. The intent is to eventually get the suspect to admit to the alleged crime. Only suspects of the fraud are interviewed. Often in an investigation, the forensic accounting investigator will provide a written report of investigation. Until sure whether or not a report will be requested, an investigator should always retain evidence and analyses necessary for the report. WORK CITED 1.Golden, Thomas W., Stephen L. Skalak, and Mona M. Clayton. A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2006. 2.Financial Statement Fraud and Deterrence. 4/29/09. acfe.com/resources/fraud-101-accounting.asp. 3.The Wide-Reaching Impact of Financial Statement Fraud. 4/29/09. sequence-inc.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=41. 4.Common Financial Statement Frauds. 4/29/09. worrells.net.au/Fraud%20Awareness/tpf_financial_statement.htm. 5.Xerox Scandal. 4/29/09. corporatenarc.com/xeroxscandal.php. Research Papers on Financial Statement FraudAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaLifes What IfsOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Visuals Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visuals Analysis - Essay Example In advertising, visual perception is very important. An advertisement can sell a product if has very good visuals and it is presented properly. A consumer’s visual perception can either make or break an advertisement. It can sell or not sell a product. Consumers will always understand a product or service more if there are visuals. Traditional methods of advertising a product may no longer be as effective as it was before. With the advancement in technology and the age of the internet, companies are becoming more creative in marketing their products. One of the latest trends in advertising nowadays is the use of optical illusions. Optical illusions use color, light and patterns which can create images that can be deceptive or misleading to our brains. The brain processes the information gathered by the eye, creating a perception which in reality does not match the true image (Optical Society of America, 2008). Some people view optical illusions as deceptive; thus, frown on it when used in advertisements. Still for others, optical illusions may be considered as creative marketing tools. Optical illusions are a great source of intrigue and entertainment making it an effective marketing tool.

Television as a live medium Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Television as a live medium - Assignment Example Bourdon cited several examples to demonstrate this. There is the case of the live sports commentary. The authors explained that the delivery involves specific phonetic features as well as the unmistakable rhythm and prosody that came as the event unfolds (543). It was stressed that such live commentary could be recorded earlier in a previously completed game or sporting event. But television programs do not operate in vacuums. The audience knows - besides the actual material being viewed - the background information about what they are watching. For example, the schedule of basketball games are published and known to the viewers. These types of information augment the audience’s ability to determine whether a television exhibition is live or not. The voice or the verbal aspect of live television also works in tandem with the visual content being presented. A voice complements the body language of television mediators such as reporters talking to the news anchor. During a news report when a story is being beamed as it happens and the reporter and the anchor are talking about it, the audio reveals the liveness by confirming the nuances (and problems) present in a conversation transpiring where on is talking back from a remote area. The delay in the answers, the need to repeat details and even some technical glitches such as static sounds - they collectively articulate to the audience that the report is transpiring live. Bourdon also pointed out the impromptu changes that occur before the viewers’ eyes and how the voice of television mediators highlights the liveness of the program by confirming them for the sake of the audience. Say, after an advertising break and a new resource person joins a live talk show, the host introduces him or her. It shows a break in sequence or a perfectly logical unfolding of the program, which underpins the contrived pre-produced television materials. To put this in context, one should remember that modern viewers are f amiliar with live television and could often spot if a program is not. An important part in this discernment is the sound. It is difficult to manipulate and it provides the clue if a material is contrived or pre-produced. It complements the visual messages to articulate â€Å"liveness†. Question 2: Why Pay attention, as Sterne urges, to the â€Å"physical life of the medium† of television? The physical â€Å"stuff† of television is important, according to Sterne, because it is critical in the way the medium functions or rather in the way â€Å"televisual† relationships are organized (504). He cited that television infrastructure â€Å"reify social relationships - giving relations a degree of density, inflexibility or objectivity that they would not have without an abstracted principle and mechanism of repetition† (504). The problem being addressed by this position is that television infrastructure and its physical life remains mystified or relegate d in the historical background mainly because they are not accorded the right degree of interest and emphasis. The argument is that an understanding of the medium’s physical life will provide insights in the sheer power of television’s capability and, therefore, an appreciation and recognition of its role in social, cultural, political and economic spheres. Sterne ultimately underscored that the American television - when approached through an understanding

Sherlock Holmes Coursework Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes Coursework Essay The story also used gothic language quite frequently its the vilest murder-trap on the whole of riverside. The Adventure of the Speckled Band also uses formal language a few like my dear fellow or I am all attention. It also uses old fashioned language like farintosh and alas. It uses more short gothic sentences than the The Man with the Twisted Lip like terrible fate and blue smoke curling up from the chimney It also uses long gothic sentences like the building was of grey lichen-blotched stone with a high central portion and two curled wings. Old fashioned, formal language was used in the story because it was common in those days. Gothic language was used in the story to give a dark and miserable tone. In the Stories, the weather and the settings reflect and enhance the mood of the story; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle does this by having positive weather when the crime is solved and having negative weather when the crime is being committed. He also shows a contrast in the good and bad settings. This is called pathetic fallacy. Conan Doyle uses this in The Man with the Twisted Lip quite a lot like in Dr. Watsons home. I had left my armchair and my cheery sitting-room behind me this shows us a positive view of Dr. Watsons home which is in the West End of London. On the East End Conan Doyle uses negative comments like through the gloom and black shadows this shows that the East End is a dangerous place. The opium den which is in the East End is considered to be the vilest murder trap on the whole of river side. The weather is also bad there a dull wrack drifted slowly across the sky this reflects on the place. The Cedars is a nice place which Conan Doyle has described in a positive way. A large villa which stood within its own ground and winding gravel-drive which led to the dining-room. This shows that Kent is a good, well mannered and rich place to live. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are sharing rooms in a lovely house with a clock on the mantelpiece. Dr. Roylott owns a big two-hundred year old house and a few acres of ground. They described the house as very grand. It is very old, and only one wing is now inhabited. The bedroom in this wing is on the ground floor, the sitting rooms being in the central block of building. He also keeps exotic Indian animals like a cheetah and a baboon. They also add gothic descriptions in the story like the building was of grey, lichen-blotched stone, with a high central portion and two curving wings like the claws of a crab thrown out on each side Conan Doyle also uses pathetic fallacy in the story it was a wild night. The wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. This tells us that something bad is going to happen. He also uses more complicated pathetic fallacy which is less noticeable for example it was a perfect day with a bright sun and a few fleecy clouds in the heavens the trees and wayside hedges were just throwing out their first green shoots, and the air was filled with a pleasant smell of moist earth. This strikes Watson as strange; it also suggests that Holmes secretly knows the answer. The weather in Sherlock Holmes stories vary due to the events happening, for example, if Holmes is about to solve a mystery, the weather is sunny and warm, but if the crime is being committed, the weather is dull, stormy and rainy. Conan Doyle uses false clues in the story to mislead the readers; he also uses them to add interest to the story and to make Sherlock Holmes look cleverer than he is. Some of the false clues in The Man with the Twisted Lip are the idea of Neville St. Clair and Hugh Boone being separate characters. They are in fact the same person. The coat on the mud flat and the blood on the window sill are more false clues Mrs St Clairs eye witness account is inaccurate as it describes St. Clair as being pulled back forcibly from the window when he actually jumped away from it. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band some of the false clues were the gypsies; this was because they thought that gypsies are the people with the speckled band. The wandering gypsies, and he would give these vagabond leave to encamp upon few acres of bramble-covered land which represents the family estate. Another false clue is the animals he kept, which are the cheetah and the baboon, keeping them in the house tells us that they could have killed Julia Stoner. But there is a cheetah and a baboon. Conan Doyle uses false clues in the story to make it more interesting, he also uses it to make Sherlock Holmes seem cleverer. The ending both stories do have their similarities, in The Man with the Twisted Lip the crime is solved by Holmes washing Hugh Boones face and discovering that it is Neville St. Clair. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band it ends by Holmes beating a snake which is known as the speckled band, which made the snake turn back and bite the first person it saw, which was Dr. Roylott. Arguably they both end in a denouement, which values them similar. Even though there are a few differences in the story, they have a lot in common. In the opening of the story, they both start off with a distressed woman who needs Holmes and Watsons help. The characters do have a few differences, but overall they are quite similar, especially Sherlock Holmes. All of the women in the story except Mrs Watson are similar; they are all weak, fragile and prone to fainting, but Mrs Watson is strong wise and older. In both stories, they all use a fair amount of formal, old fashioned and gothic language. The settings are also similar, as they both use pathetic fallacy quite a lot. The clues are different as they dont base on the same idea. The endings are quite similar, in The Man with the Twisted Lip Sherlock Holmes solves the crime by cleaning Hugh Boones face and discovering that it is Neville St. Clair. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Holmes beats a snake (the speckled band) while it was approaching Holmes, this made the snake turn back and bite the first person it saw, which was Dr. Roylott. They both end in a denouement which makes them similar. Overall, looking at my essay, I think that the Sherlock Holmes stories do have a pattern to them. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.